General
Preferred name
LITHIUM CARBONATE
Synonyms
Eskalith Cr ()
Lithonate ()
Lithotabs ()
CP-15,467-61 ()
Lithane ()
Phasal ()
Camcolit 400 ()
Liskonum ()
CP-15467-61 ()
NSC-16895 ()
Camcolit 250 ()
CP-1546761 ()
Eskalith ()
Lithobid ()
P&D ID
PD071654
CAS
554-13-2
12767-19-0
Tags
available
drug
Drug Status
approved
Max Phase
Phase 4
Drug indication
Antimanic
First approval
1970
Structure
Probe scores
P&D probe-likeness score
[[ v.score ]]%
Structure formats
[[ format ]]
[[ compound[format === 'MOL' ? 'molblock' : format.toLowerCase()] ]]
Description
(extracted from source data)
PHARMACODYNAMICS Lithium's mechanism of action is still unknown[FDA Label]. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors[A176642,A176651].; ;
MOA Lithium's mechanism of action is still unknown[FDA Label]. However, the “inositol depletion theory” suggests 3 main potential targets[A176642]. These targets are inositol monophosphatase, inositol polyphosphatase, and glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK-3)[A176642,L5843].; ; The “Inositol depletion theory” suggests lithium behaves as an uncompetitive inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase in a manner inversely proportional to the degree of stimulus[A176642]. This inhibition lowers levels of inositol triphosphate[L5843]. However, stronger inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase are not as clinically effective and low levels of inositol triphosphate are associated with memory impairment[A176642,L5843].; ; Lithium acts on inositol polyphosphatase as an uncompetitive inhibitor[A176642]. This inhibition is thought to have multiple downstream effects that have yet to be clarified[A176642].; ; Lithium regulates phosphorylation of GSK-3 which regulates other enzymes through phosphorylation[A176642]. Lithium can also inhibit GSK-3 through interfering with the magnesium ion in the active site[A176642].
INDICATION Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is indicated for the treatment of manic episodes and maintenance of bipolar disorder[FDA Label].
ROE Lithium is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and elimination in the feces is insignificant[FDA Label].
TOXICITY In rats, the oral LD50 is 525mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is >2.17mg/L over 4 hours[MSDS].; ; There is insufficient data regarding the carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility impairment of lithium carbonate[FDA Label]. However, studies in rats and mice have shown repeated daily dosing of lithium carbonate result in adverse effects on male reproductive organs, spermatogenesis, and testosterone levels[FDA Label].; ; There is conflicting evidence regarding the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in first trimester administration of lithium[FDA Label]. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus and fertility overall[FDA Label]. The risk and benefit of lithium use in pregnancy must be weighed and should lithium treatment continue in pregnancy, serum lithium concentrations should be regularly monitored, dosages should be adjusted, and lithium should be decreased or stopped 2 or 3 days before delivery to avoid maternal and/or neonatal toxicity[FDA Label].; ; Breastfeeding is not recommended with maternal lithium use but if it is continued, the infant should be monitored for thyroid function and symptoms of lithium toxicity such as hypertonia, hypothermia, cyanosis, and ECG changes[FDA Label].; ; Safety in effectiveness in patients under 12 years has not been established, however dosing for patients 12 years and older is similar to that of adult patients[FDA Label].; ; Safety in geriatric patients has not been established, however caution is advised when using lithium as this population is more likely to have impaired renal function[FDA Label].; ; Patients with creatinine clearance between 30mL/min and 89mL/min should be started at a lower dose and slowly titrated to the correct dose while monitoring serum lithium levels[FDA Label]. Patients with a creatinine clearance less than 30mL/min should not take lithium, especially in the case of a low sodium diet[FDA Label].
METABOLISM Lithium carbonate is not metabolized before excretion[FDA Label].
ABSORPTION Lithium absorption is rapid and oral bioavailability is close to 100%[A176639].
HALF-LIFE The half life of lithium carbonate is 18 to 36 hours[FDA Label]. Other sources say it may be 7 to 20 hours[L5858].
DESCRIPTION Selective inhibitor of OXE-R Gbetagamma signaling (Tocris Bioactive Compound Library)
Compound Sets
7
ChEMBL Approved Drugs
CHEMBL1200826
ChEMBL Drugs
CHEMBL1200826
DrugBank
DB14509
DrugBank Approved Drugs
DB14509
DrugMatrix
TargetMol Bioactive Compound Library
T8131
Tocris Bioactive Compound Library
4740
External IDs
31
Properties
(calculated by RDKit )
Molecular Weight
74.02
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
3
Hydrogen Bond Donors
0
Rotatable Bonds
0
Ring Count
0
Aromatic Ring Count
0
cLogP
-8.44
TPSA
63.19
Fraction CSP3
0.0
Chiral centers
0.0
Largest ring
0.0
QED
0.27
Structural alerts
0
No structural alerts detected
Custom attributes
(extracted from source data)
Primary Target
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
MOA
Inhibitor
Source data