General
Preferred name
POTASSIUM GLUCONATE
Synonyms
D-Gluconic acid (potassium) ()
D-gluconic acid potassium salt ()
Monopotassium d-gluconate ()
Kali gluconicum ()
INS-577 ()
INS NO.577 ()
Gluconic acid potassium salt ()
Katorin ()
Kaon ()
Potassium D-gluconate ()
E-577 ()
P&D ID
PD057408
CAS
299-27-4
Tags
available
drug
Drug Status
approved
Max Phase
Phase 4
Drug indication
Replenisher (electrolyte)
Structure
Probe scores
P&D probe-likeness score
[[ v.score ]]%
Structure formats
[[ format ]]
[[ compound[format === 'MOL' ? 'molblock' : format.toLowerCase()] ]]
Description
(extracted from source data)
PHARMACODYNAMICS Potassium is an essential nutrient. It is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid, where it plays a key role in maintaining cell function, especially in excitable cells such as skeletal muscles, the heart, and nerves [L2650].; Increases in interstitial potassium play an important role in eliciting rapid vasodilation, allowing for blood flow to increase in exercising muscle [L2660].;
MOA Potassium is the most abundant cation (approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter) within human cells. Intracellular sodium content is relatively low. In the extracellular fluid, sodium predominates and the potassium content is low (3.5 to 5 mEq per liter). A membrane-bound enzyme, sodium-potassium–activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na +K +ATPase), actively transports or pumps sodium out and potassium into cells to maintain the concentration gradients. The intracellular to extracellular potassium gradients are necessary for nerve impulse signaling in such specialized tissues as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle, and for the maintenance of physiologic renal function and maintenance of acid-base balance. High intracellular potassium concentrations are necessary for numerous cellular metabolic processes [L2655].; ; Intracellular K+ serves as a reservoir to limit the fall in extracellular potassium concentrations occurring under pathologic conditions with loss of potassium from the body [L2660].
INDICATION Because of potassium’s wide-ranging roles in the body, low intakes can increase the risk of illness [L2655].; ; Potassium supplements are indicated to prevent hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop (e.g., digitalis treated patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias). Potassium deficiency occurs when the rate of loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract is higher than the rate of potassium intake. In addition to serving as a preventative supplement, potassium gluconate also serves as a treatment for decreased potassium levels [L2655], [L2651], [L2657].
ABSORPTION Potassium is rapidly and well absorbed. A 2016 dose-response trial found that humans absorb about 94% of potassium gluconate in supplements, and this absorption rate is similar to that of potassium from potatoes [A32902].; ;
TOXICITY Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 9100 mg/kg in the mouse [MSDS]; ; Toxicity from overdose is rare but may result from intentional ingestion of potassium. Iatrogenic overdoses may occur [L2653].; ; Local irritation after ingestion causes GI upset. Severe hyperkalemia after large IV or oral overdoses causes muscular dysfunction including weakness, paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and rarely death [L2653].; ; ; **Mild to moderate toxicity**; ; Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, paresthesias, and muscle cramps are common. Rarely, gastrointestinal bleed may occur.; ; ; **Severe toxicity**; ; In severe toxicity, muscular weakness progressing to paralysis may occur. Cardiac arrhythmia often occur at concentrations greater than 8 mEq/L and death from cardiac arrest at concentrations of 9 to 12 mEq/L or higher. Characteristic ECG findings occur in the following order: peaked T waves, QRS complex blends into the T wave, PR interval prolongation, P wave is lost and ST segments depress, merging S and T waves, and finally, sine waves. The presence of the sine wave is a near terminal event, signaling that hemodynamic collapse and cardiac arrest are near. As serum hyperkalemia is corrected towards normal concentrations, the ECG changes resolve in reverse order [L2653].
Compound Sets
5
ChEMBL Approved Drugs
CHEMBL2106978
ChEMBL Drugs
CHEMBL2106978
DrugBank
DB13620
DrugBank Approved Drugs
DB13620
MedChem Express Bioactive Compound Library
HY-Y0569C
External IDs
20
Properties
(calculated by RDKit )
Molecular Weight
234.01
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
7
Hydrogen Bond Donors
5
Rotatable Bonds
5
Ring Count
0
Aromatic Ring Count
0
cLogP
-7.82
TPSA
141.28
Fraction CSP3
0.83
Chiral centers
4.0
Largest ring
0.0
QED
0.3
Structural alerts
0
No structural alerts detected
Custom attributes
(extracted from source data)
Pathway
Anti-infection
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
Target
Endogenous Metabolite
Fungal
Source data