MOA As a first-generation H1 antihistamine, phenyltoloxamine interferes with the agonist activity of histamine at the H1 receptor and are ostensibly used to attenuate inflammatory processes as a means to treat conditions like allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria [L2508]. Reduction of the activity of the NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) immune response transcription factor via the phospholipase C and phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signaling pathways also serves to decrease antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors [L2508]. Moreover, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release [L2508].; ; Additionally, first-generation antihistamines like phenyltoloxamine readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects, like nervousness and insomnia [L2508]. By comparison, second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1 receptors in the peripheral nervous system and do not cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in fewer adverse drug effects overall [L2508].; ; Furthermore, although some studies propose that phenyltoloxamine may possess some intrinsic antispasmodic and distinct local anesthetic properties [A32713], the specific mechanisms of action for these effects have not been formalized. Also, even though the combination of phenyltoloxamine's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause various tranquilizing effects may explain to some extent how it may be able to potentiate analgesic effects [A32708, A32709], there are also studies that observed no potentiating effects associated with phenyltoloxamine use either [A32712].

INDICATION The primary therapeutic use for which phenyltoloxamine is currently indicated is as an adjuvant therapy in various combination products containing an analgesic(s) (either narcotic or non-narcotic), where it is expected to potentiate the pain relieving, anti-tussive, etc. effect(s) of the analgesic component of the product.; ; In that regard, some of these aforementioned combination products are typically indicated for the temporary relief of minor aches and pains like headache, muscular aches, backaches, minor arthritis pain, common cold, toothaches, menstrual cramps, etc [L2499]; or perhaps for the treatment of exhausting or non-productive cough, associated with cold or with upper respiratory allergic condition that does not respond to non-narcotic antitussives [L2495].