General
Preferred name
KETAMINE
Synonyms
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ()
Ketamine (as hydrochloride) ()
Ketamine hydrochloride ciii ()
CI-581 ()
Ketamine hcl ()
CN-52372-2 ()
Vetalar ()
CN-523722 ()
Ketanest ()
CL-369 ()
Ketalar ()
Special k ()
Ketavet ()
CN-52,372-2 ()
Ketamini hydrochloridum ()
Anaket-V ()
CL 369 ()
Clorketam 1000 ()
Dl-ketamine ()
Vetaket ()
Tekam ()
NSC-70151 ()
Calypsol ()
Ketasol 100 ()
PMI-150 ()
Ursotamin ()
Imalgene 1000 ()
Anaket v ()
Narketan ()
Ketamine (hydrochloride) ()
Ketamine (hydrochloride) (CRM) ()
Ketamine-d4 (hydrochloride) ()
P&D ID
PD009954
CAS
100477-73-4
1867-66-9
100477-72-3
6740-88-1
1246815-97-3
Tags
natural product
drug
available
Approved by
FDA
First approval
1970
Drug Status
approved
vet_approved
Drug indication
Anesthetic
Anaesthesia
Max Phase
Phase 4
Probe control
Probe control not defined
Orthogonal probes
0
No orthogonal probes found
Similar probes
0
No structurally similar probes found
Structure
P&D probe-likeness score
Structure formats
[[ format ]]
[[ compound[format === 'MOL' ? 'molblock' : format.toLowerCase()] ]]
Description
(extracted from source data)
INDICATION
Ketamine is indicated as an anesthetic agent for recommended diagnostic and surgical procedures. If skeletal muscle relaxation is needed, it should be combined with a muscle relaxant. If the surgical procedure involves visceral pain, it should be supplemented with an agent that obtunds visceral pain. Ketamine can be used for induction of anesthesia prior other general anesthetic agents and as a supplement of low potency agents.[L1336, FDA label]; ; Reports have indicated a potential use of ketamine as a therapeutic tool for the management of depression when administered in lower doses.[A31873] These reports have increased the interest for ketamine in this area and several clinical trials are launched for this indication.[L1337, A31874]
DESCRIPTION
Ketamine is a rapidly acting ionotropic glutamate channel blocker with broad therapeutic application, approved in 1970. The structure shown is the racemate that is also used as the hydrochloride PubChem CID 15851. Of the two ketamine enantiomers, (S enantiomer) is being developed as a drug in its own right, but the less active (R enantiomer) is not. A recent report (Nature April 2016) implicated certain ketamine metabolites and their stereoisomers in different mechanisms of action . In particular, seems to be responsible for NMDAR-independent antidepressant effects. The Nature paper authors filed a patent including some of the data .
Ketamine is on the World Health Organisation's List of Essential Medicines. Click here to access the pdf version of the WHO's 21st Essential Medicines list (2019). (GtoPdb)
Ketamine is on the World Health Organisation's List of Essential Medicines. Click here to access the pdf version of the WHO's 21st Essential Medicines list (2019). (GtoPdb)
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Ketamine is a rapid-acting general anesthetic producing an anesthetic state characterized by profound analgesia, normal pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes, normal or slightly enhanced skeletal muscle tone, cardiovascular and respiratory stimulation, and occasionally a transient and minimal respiratory depression. The anesthetic state produced by Ketamine has been termed as "dissociative anesthesia" in that it appears to selectively interrupt association pathways of the brain before producing somesthetic sensory blockade. It may selectively depress the thalamoneocortical system before significantly obtunding the more ancient cerebral centers and pathways (reticular-activating and limbic systems).[A2180]; ; Ketamine enhances descending inhibiting serotoninergic pathways and can exert antidepressive effects. These effects are seen in concentrations ten times lower than the needed concentration for anesthetic proposes. The effect of ketamine can be described as analgesic by the prevention of central sensitization in dorsal horn neurons as well as by the inhibition on the synthesis of nitric oxide. Ketamine can present cardiovascular changes and bronchodilatation.[A31879]
[[ p.pathway_name ]]
[[ compound.targets[tid].gene_name ]]
Compound Sets
21
ChEMBL Approved Drugs
ChEMBL Drugs
Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2017/18
Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2019/20
Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2021/22
Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2023/24
DrugBank
DrugBank Approved Drugs
DrugCentral
DrugCentral Approved Drugs
DrugMAP
DrugMAP Approved Drugs
DrugMatrix
Guide to Pharmacology
Ki Database
LSP-MoA library (Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology)
NCATS Inxight Approved Drugs
NPC Screening Collection
ReFrame library
[[ a.name ]]
[[ ligand_id ]]
free of charge
External IDs
67
Molecular Weight
237.09
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
2
Hydrogen Bond Donors
1
Rotatable Bonds
2
Ring Count
2
Aromatic Ring Count
1
cLogP
2.9
TPSA
29.1
Fraction CSP3
0.46
Chiral centers
1.0
Largest ring
6.0
QED
0.86
Structural alerts
0
No structural alerts detected
Related compounds
Custom attributes
(extracted from source data)
Therapeutic Class
Analgesics
VGSC Target
Nav1.4
Source data
