General
Preferred name
magnesium hydroxide
Synonyms
MAGNESIA, [MILK OF] ()
Cremaffin ()
Oxaine M ()
E-528 ()
INS NO.528 ()
Mil-Par ()
Crm Of Magnesia ()
Phillips Magnesia Tablets ()
INS-528 ()
E528 ()
Magnesii hydroxidum ()
Magnalax ()
Magnesia Magma ()
Magnesium (as hydroxide) ()
Phillips Milk of Magnesia Liquid ()
Mint-O-Mag ()
Hydro-Magna ()
Milk Of Magnesia ()
Phillips Milk Of Magnesia ()
P&D ID
PD009051
CAS
1309-42-8
12195-86-7
1317-43-7
Tags
available
inorganic
drug
Approved by
FDA
First approval
2000
Drug Status
investigational
approved
Max Phase
Phase 4
Drug indication
Antacid
Laxative
Structure
Probe scores
P&D probe-likeness score
[[ v.score ]]%
Structure formats
[[ format ]]
[[ compound[format === 'MOL' ? 'molblock' : format.toLowerCase()] ]]
Description
(extracted from source data)
PHARMACODYNAMICS As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide suspension neutralizes gastric acid by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form magnesium chloride and water. It is practically insoluble in water and does not have any effect until it reacts with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. There, it decreases the direct acid irritant effect and increases the pH in the stomach leading to inactivation of pepsin. Magnesium hydroxide enhances the integrity of the mucosal barrier of the stomach as well as improving the tone of both the gastric and esophageal sphincters. ; ; As a laxative, the magnesium hydroxide works by increasing the osmotic effect in the intestinal tract and drawing water in. This creates distension of the colon which results in an increase in peristaltic movement and bowel evacuation.
INDICATION Magnesium hydroxide can be used as an antacid or a laxative depending on the administered dose.; ; As an antacid, it is used for the temporary relief of heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach or acid indigestion.; ; As a laxative, it is used for the relief of occasional constipation by promoting bowel movements for 30 minutes and up to 6 hours.;
MOA The suspension of magnesium hydroxide is ingested and enters the stomach. According to the amount ingested, the magnesium hydroxide will either act as an antacid or a laxative. ; ; Through the ingestion of 0.5-1.5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide will act by simple acid neutralization in the stomach. The hydroxide ions from the magnesium hydroxide suspension will combine with the acidic H+ ions of the hydrochloric acid made by the stomachs parietal cells. This neutralization reaction will result in the formation of magnesium chloride and water. ; ; Through the ingestion of 2-5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide acts as a laxative in the colon. The majority of the suspension is not absorbed in the intestinal tract and will create an osmotic effect to draw water into the gut from surrounding tissues. With this increase of water in the intestines, the feces will soften and the intraluminal volume of the feces will increase. These effects still stimulate intestinal motility and induce the urge to defecate. Magnesium hydroxide will also release cholecystokinin (CKK) in the intestines which will accumulate water and electrolytes in the lumen and furthermore increase intestinal motility.
TOXICITY LD50=8500 mg/kg (rat, oral) ; ; Common side effects include drowsiness or flushing (warmth, redness or tingly feeling).; ; Daily use of magnesium hydroxide can result in fluid and electrolyte disturbances. ; ; Excessive use of the laxative effects of magnesium hydroxide may result in abdominal cramping, nausea and/or diarrhea.; ; In overdose, symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation and/or watery diarrhea may occur. ; ; Magnesium hydroxide poisoning can result in hypermagnesemia which includes symptoms of: nausea, vomiting, flushing, thirst, hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, loss of tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, coma and cardiac arrest.; ; Not to be used in individuals with any form of kidney disease or renal failure, a magnesium restricted diet or with any sudden changes in bowel movement lasting over two weeks. Also not to be used in those individuals with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, symptoms of appendicitis or myocardial damage, heart block, fecal impaction, rectal fissures, intestinal obstruction or perforation or renal disease. Not to be used in women who are about to deliver as magnesium crosses the placenta and is excreted in small amounts in breast milk.; ; Using magnesium hydroxide with aluminum hydroxide can decrease the absorption rate of these drugs. ; ; Magnesium hydroxide can react with digoxin, dicoumerol and cimetidine. ; ; Use of ibuprofen with magnesium hydroxide can increase the absorption of the ibuprofen. ; ; Use of magnesium hydroxide with penicallamine, bisphosphates, ketoconazole, quinolones or tetracycline can decrease the absorption of these drugs. ; ; Enteric-coated tablets can be prematurely released when taken with magnesium hydroxide. ; ; It is important to routinely monitor levels of serum magnesium and potassium in patients using magnesium hydroxide. Serum magnesium levels are necessary to determine how much magnesium is being absorbed and how much is being excreted by the kidneys. Excessive diarrhea can occur from use of magnesium hydroxide and thus it is important to also monitor serum potassium levels to ensure hypokalemia does not occur.
Compound Sets
7
ChEMBL Approved Drugs
CHEMBL1200718
ChEMBL Drugs
CHEMBL1200718
DrugBank
DB09104
DrugBank Approved Drugs
DB09104
DrugCentral
4244
DrugCentral Approved Drugs
4244
DrugMatrix
External IDs
29
Properties
(calculated by RDKit )
Molecular Weight
57.99
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
2
Hydrogen Bond Donors
2
Rotatable Bonds
0
Ring Count
0
Aromatic Ring Count
0
cLogP
-1.49
TPSA
40.46
Fraction CSP3
0.0
Chiral centers
0.0
Largest ring
0.0
QED
0.33
Structural alerts
0
No structural alerts detected
Custom attributes
(extracted from source data)
Source data